Apports de la littérature francophone à la recherche sur l’évaluation éducative

Abstract

Este texto tem por objectivo levar a cabo uma revisão das questões levantadas pela investigação sobre a avaliação em educação até ao começo dos anos 2000 na literatura francófona, questões elaboradas a partir das contribuições de numerosos autores num trabalho iniciado pela ADMEE europeia. O conjunto apresentado acentua as prespectivas ilustradas pelos autores estudados: a avaliação entendida como uma actividade, a avaliação centrada no sujeito que aprende e explicada no quadro da cognição, e a avaliação influenciada pelo contexto social; pondo assim em questão a simples medida das performances, utensílio tradicional dos avaliadores.

Ce texte a pour but de réaliser une revue de questions soulevées par la recherche sur l’évaluation en éducation à l’orée des années 2000 dans la littérature francophone, questions élaborées à partir des contributions de nombreux auteurs à un bilan initié par l’ADMEE Europe. Le regroupement présenté met l’accent sur des perspectives illustrées par les auteurs répertoriés : l’évaluation étudiée comme une activité, l’évaluation centrée sur le sujet apprenant et expliquée dans le cadre de la cognition, l’évaluation influencée par le contexte social; autant de remises en question de la simple mesure des performances, outil traditionnel des évaluateurs.

This text aims at providing a review of the questions raised by research on evaluation related to education at the beginning of the years 2000 in the Frenchspeaking literature, questions which were set up on the basis of contributions by numerous writers towards a summing up initiated by ADMEE-Europe. The present grouping is placing emphasis on evolution and on measurable perspectives: evaluation being studied more and more as an activity, evaluation increasingly focusing on the learning subject and explained within the framework of cognition, evaluation being influenced more and more by the social context (norms, “economisation”); all of which question the simple measure of performance which used to be the traditional tool of the evaluators”.